Activity In Classroom

I have conducted an activity about the solar system in the classroom to help the students understand our solar system better.

A briefing is given to the students.

The students are doing their works.

The students are colouring their works.

The students are presenting their works in front of their classmates.

The students demonstrating how the nine planets orbiting the Sun.

Reflection

Most of the students can understand better how the solar system works. They able to list down the name of the nine planets by sequence from the Sun and explain how the planets orbit the Sun which is the centre of the solar system. They enjoy the activity very much and wish to have more similar activities in the further lesson.

Phases of the Moon

Learning Outcomes
Pupils will be able to:

• state that the Moon does not emit light.
• explain that the Moon appears bright when it reflects sunlight.
• describe the phases of the Moon.

• The Moon is the brightest object in the night sky.
• However, it does not emit light.
• The Moon appears bright at night because it reflects light from the Sun to the Earth.

Phases of the Moon
The revolution of the Moon around the Earth makes the Moon seem to change its shape in the night sky. Actually it does not. This is caused by the different angles we see from the bright part of the Moon's surface. The Moon goes through 4 major shapes during a cycle that repeat itself every 28 days.

1. New Moon       2. Crescent Moon       3. Half Moon        5. Full Moon

1) New Moon

• part of the Moon which is not illuminated faces the Earth.
• the Moon is not visible.
• the lighted side of the Moon faces away from the Earth.

2) Crescent Moon

• the Moon is less than half illuminated by the Sun.
• can be seen after the new Moon
• the crescent will grow larger and larger everyday

3) Half-moon

• half of the illuminated side of the Moon is visible.
• the half appear lighted and the other half appers dark.
• looks like half a circle.

4) Full Moon

• the Moon's illuminated side is visible. 
• the lighted side faces the Earth.

The Earth, The Moon and The Sun

Learning Outcomes
Pupils will be able to:

• state that the Earth and the Moon rotate on their axes.
• state that the Earth rotates and at the same time moves around the Sun.
• state that the Moon rotates and at the same time moves around the Earth.
• state that the Moon and the Earth move around the Sun at the same time.
• describe the changes in the length and position of a shadow throughout the day.
• conclude that the Earth rotate on its axis from the west to the east.

            Earth rotates on its axis from the west to the east.

        It takes 24 hours to make one complete rotation.

Simple animation of the Earth and the Moon 

moving around the Sun.

The Sun is the centre of our solar system. The Earth and the Moon move around the Sun at the same time. 

       

How long does the Earth take to move around the Sun?

The Earth also moves around the Sun at the same time. 

                   It takes one year to move around the Sun.    

                                                                                         

The Moon also rotates on its axis. It takes about 28 days to make one complete rotation 

At the same time, the Moon moves around the Earth. It also takes about 28 days to move around the Earth.

• In early morning and afternoon, the Sun rises on the horizon and makes long shadows.
• At noon, the Sun is directly overhead and makes short shadows.
• The rotation of the Earth on its axis causes the length and position of a shadow to change.

Starry, Starry Night

Learning Outcomes

Pupils will be able to:

• state what constellation is
• identify constellations
• state the importance of constellations

What are constellations?

Constellations are a group of stars that seem to resemble something familiar to those who named them. They are not real objects but are just patterns that we see in the sky. Constellations have imaginary boundaries formed by connecting the stars. All of the stars within those boundaries are labelled with the name of that constellation.

Importance of Constellations

1) Farmers         - to remind them of planting and harvesting seasons.

2) Astronomers - to map the sky. 
3) Explorers      - for navigation and determine the direction 
                            especially on the ocean.

Examples of Constellations

  

 1) Southern Cross

Is a well known cross-shaped southern hemisphere constellation.
Southern Cross shows the south pole.


2) Big Dipper

Big Dipper is a group of seven bright stars
that forms a pattern of a handle and bowl.
Big Dipper shows the North Pole.

*Big Dipper and Southern Cross can be seen between April and June.

3) Scorpion

Scorpion contains many bright stars. 

The brighest star in Scorpion is Antares.

It can be seem clearly with its head, long body, tail

and stinger between June and August.

4) Orion

Orion can be seen clearly as a hunter with a belt and sword 

between December and February.

Day and Night

Learning Outcomes
Pupils will be able to:

• state that it is daytime for part of the Earth facing the Sun.
• state that it is nightime for the part of the Earth facing away from the Sun.
• explain that day and night occur due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis.\

• The Earth rotates on its axis. This rotation causes day and night.
• The part of the Earth that is facing the Sun experiences daytime.
• The part of the Earth that is facing away from the Sun experiences night-time.

The Occurence of Day and Night

Planets, Planets How Are You?

 

Inner Planets	Outer Planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars	Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto
Made of rocks	Made of gases
Has an atmosphere	Do not have a suitable atmosphere for living things to survive
Temperature is hotter	Temperature is colder

PLANETS	CHARACTERISTICS
MERCURY	Too close to the Sun.  The temperature is too hot to support life.
VENUS	A great amount of the heat  from the Sun is trapped in its atmosphere. This makes it hotter than Mercury.
EARTH	Has water, air and a suitable temperature to support life. The position is just right for it to receive enough heat to support life.
MARS	Almost all of its water is frozen.  Scientist have not found any life there.
JUPITER	It is so big that all the other planets could fit inside it.
SATURN	Has three wide rings.  They can be seen with a telescope.
URANUS	Is lying on its side as it goes round the Sun.
NEPTUNE	Is covered with a blue ocean of liquid methane.
PLUTO	Is very cold because it is very far from the Sun.

                                                                                                        

How Far and How Big?

The distance from Earth to the Sun is 400 times the distance from Earth to the Moon.

    
Earth is 4 times the size of the Moon and the Sun is 100 times the size of Earth.   

                     We can assume that the:

                       (a) sago represents the Moon

                       (b) glass marbles represents Earth

                       (c) basketball represents the Sun.

                                                                                                                            

Our Solar System

Our Solar System

The Solar System is made up of 9 planets and the Sun. The Sun is in the centre of the Solar System and the nine planets orbiting the Sun in a large oval path. 

The sequence of planets starting from the Sun are:-

1) Mercury

2) Venus

3) Earth

4) Mars

5) Jupiter

6) Saturn

7) Uranus

8) Neptune

9) Pluto

In addition to planets, the Solar System also consists of :- 

1) Asteroids

Asteroids are huge chunks of rocks between 
Mars and Jupiter that travel round the Sun.

     

      

2) Comets 

Comets have long glowing tails.

     

3) Meteors

     

Meteors are tiny rocks which probably come
from the asteroid belt.